邱仲麟：明代长城沿线的植木造林 …… 长城小站:《中国长城文献资料数据库》

《明代长城沿线的植木造林》
　　　　　Afforestation along the Great Wall during the Ming Dynasty
作　　者：邱仲麟
　　　　　（1964~），男，中央研究院历史语言研究所副研究员。台湾中央研究院历史语言研究所台北 000222
出　　处：南开学报（哲学社会科学版） 2007年第3期
发表时间：2007-03-01
文　　摘：

自15世纪初起,明帝国北边国防在线的森林,不断遭到盗砍与滥伐,许多山地的森林日渐枯竭.因此,官员除-再建请禁制与查缉之外,也有人提议于边境补栽树木.后来,朝廷便将种树列为边区镇守官员的考绩项目之一.在1560年代,燕山山脉上更曾植树930多万株.然而整体说来,明代中后期边关植树的成效并不彰,无法挽救森林日少的情况.

关键词：明代长城森林砍伐人工造林
正　　文：

　　前言

　　洪武以降，明帝国为防御蒙古部族南下，于北部的边境上屯驻重兵，后来逐渐形成所谓的九镇，又称九边。这九个军镇，由东至西，依序为辽东镇、蓟镇、宣府镇、大同镇、太原镇、延绥镇、陜西镇、宁夏镇、甘肃镇。除了驻兵之外，在这九个军镇辖境， ……

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参考文献：

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If you're working out thrice per week or much
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anabolic steroids, which usually decrease subcutaneous fat whereas rising visceral fat
(5).
(6) Schroeder, E. T., Zheng, L., Ong, M. D., Martinez,
C., Flores, C., Stewart, Y., Azen, C., & Sattler, F.
R. Results of androgen remedy on adipose tissue and metabolism in older men. The Journal
of medical endocrinology and metabolism, 89(10), 4863–4872.
(4) Schroeder, E. T., Zheng, L., Ong, M.
D., Martinez, C., Flores, C., Stewart, Y., Azen, C.,
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Brainstorming the proper stack, the one that aligns completely together with your goals,
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ȱי�ķ�譓�Ҙ& -- [未验证] Lenore (2025-07-24 13:07:25)

15lbs of weight reduction is feasible, relying in your
food consumption and exercise routine. An fascinating conflicting effect with these two compounds
is that Clen can lower your appetite while T3 can improve it.
You may discover no change to the urge for food, however a rise in urge for food from T3 can impact your results
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Therapeutic and medical research doses are
typically 20mcg to 40mcg per day.
This comparability gives us a broader perspective on Anavar’s muscle-building potential for lean muscle growth.
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Anavar is widely identified amongst the bodybuilding and
athletic neighborhood to be more of a helpful steroid to females than it is to males.
Though males can nonetheless see outcomes from Anavar, girls
are able to higher utilise a few of the performance enhancing properties of this anabolic steroid.

Thus, many steroids will trigger much less fats on the floor (externally), however at the expense of a bloated midsection (even when lean).
This protruding abdominal look is indicative of excessive visceral fats.
Moreover, Anavar is an oral steroid, which is preferable to injectable
steroids (for many women). However, such girls are aware of the risks and happy to seem like
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The results skilled over the four week cycle
can vary greatly, with components such as dosage, food plan, and exercise routine
enjoying a pivotal function. It’s necessary
to start with a smaller dosage to see how the body responds, particularly for newbies.
When used with Anavar, Testosterone can enhance the outcomes that users may be in search of.
The combined cycle can lead to more pronounced improvements
in full body composition.
When it comes to steroids, everyone appears to be different, which
means that results can range. Injectable Primobolan has a far longer half-life
than the oral model, of around ten days. PCT is completed to reverse the suppression of
testosterone that can happen during a steroid
cycle. Women who are already vulnerable to hair loss ought to suppose twice earlier than taking this steroid.

Clenbuterol’s fat-burning talents could be thought-about simply an offshoot from its authentic
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Getting the most effective fats loss results means utilizing Clenbuterol properly as part of
a wider fat loss plan.
If however, the woman is an skilled Anavar user, she may begin with 10mg per day and also extend the cycle to six weeks.
As far as women are concerned, they should begin their first
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In spite of being a strong chopping steroid, Anavar is amazingly
effective at enhancing power too. Even though Anavar falls on the list of prohibited drugs, many bodybuilders still
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Not simply this, its use is quite rampant among field athletes, strong
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cycle. Tren is an outstanding recomp AAS that won’t trigger water retention, and
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Count On a hard, outlined physique, fast restoration, some fats loss, and incredible power.
The indicators that HGH sends to the muscle tissue instruct them to develop, however we can solely see the true potential for muscle features
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References:

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ȱי�ķ�譓�Ҙ& -- [未验证] Julissa (2025-07-24 12:31:33)

This may be achieved by way of proper diet and train regimens along side Anavar cycles.
Dianabol may be a great supplement for many who wish to construct muscles and shed pounds quickly, but it’s not your solely option for building
muscles or losing weight. It is a derivative of testosterone and has a very sturdy anabolic effect.
It is often used along side other steroids corresponding
to Anavar to attain optimum outcomes. †The content provided right here serves
solely as a information and shouldn't be the final level of reference.
At Supplement Warehouse, we satisfaction ourselves on presenting probably the most current and precise
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The bodybuilding group likes to define anabolic compounds as these which enhance
amino acid shuttling into muscle and increase protein synthesis.
Likewise, anti-catabolic, or antiproteolytic (the extra particularly appropriate term) compounds are defined as these which decrease amino acid shuttling
out of muscle (also known as protein-sparing). Outcomes from Dianabol can range relying on the individual’s dosage, food
plan, and exercise routine. However, many users report important
muscle mass and energy gains throughout the first few weeks of use.
Dianabol tablets are usually taken orally, and the really helpful dosage varies depending
on the individual’s goals and expertise with the steroid.
It is crucial to follow the dosage directions rigorously and to seek the assistance of a healthcare skilled before
taking any steroid. Dianabol’s major profit is its ability
to considerably increase testosterone levels,
causing a serious progress in muscle mass, endurance and power, in addition to a discount in fats.

Whether Or Not you’re a beginner or an skilled
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Whether Or Not you’re a seasoned athlete or a novice enthusiast, arming your self with data is the first step
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A shopping for information serves as your roadmap, offering insights into respected suppliers, product authenticity, and legal
considerations.
At All Times monitor blood strain and liver enzymes,
particularly at larger doses. Combining with different 17-alpha alkylated oral steroids isn't really helpful except under professional steerage.
Dbol is very in style with newbies as a outcome of when used with an excellent
vitamin program it could build muscle mass and strength in a short time.

Dbol, when used alone, ought to only be used
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Although it is perfect to mix it with different steroids, it can additionally present
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considering the protection of the bodybuilder.

If you're involved or vulnerable to hair loss, supplements like Saw Palmetto might
help. It is very important to take Dianabol with meals, as it could trigger nausea if taken on an empty
stomach.
Are you seeking to rework your physique and achieve your health goals?

Dianabol Tablets will be the reply you’ve been searching for.
Despite its controversial reputation, Dianabol is
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We have been the main Canadian provider of high-quality anabolic steroids online since 2012.
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In addition, the doctor may recommend stacking Dianabols with other
steroids, for example, with injectable Testosterone Enanthate.

I saw speedy improvements in my power and muscle definition after just a few weeks with Dianabol 20.
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View our latest results above or visit the lab reviews section for full
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Nonetheless, because of the dynamic nature of product formulations, we can't assert with certainty that our descriptions and images mirror the newest product version. For probably the most correct information, we
advocate consulting the product's producer directly by way of their
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Total, Dianabol may be an efficient software for constructing muscle and
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Are you a body builder who needs to preserve and construct muscle and enhance your general performance?
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As with all Trenbolone cycles, it_s at all times really helpful
to use Trenabol alongside testosterone to make up for the slowdown in pure testosterone production. In addition to stacking, careful consideration of cycle length and dosage is
essential for a profitable Trenbolone cycle. The period of the cycle must be primarily based on particular person objectives, experience level, and potential unwanted facet
effects. It_s necessary to avoid extended use of Trenbolone to
attenuate the chance of antagonistic reactions.
Trenbolone, an anabolic steroid, is controlled under varied authorized frameworks as a end
result of its potent effects and risks. In many jurisdictions, obtaining trenbolone legally necessitates
a stringent prescription process, which underscores the importance of a radical medical session. Healthcare professionals assess the medical necessity, weighing potential benefits towards significant health risks.

Bear In Mind, it is important to seek the advice of with a certified fitness professional or trainer to tailor your coaching program
to your particular person needs and objectives.
They can present personalised steering and make positive you keep correct type and method to minimize the danger of
injury. Additionally, at all times prioritize security, listen to
your physique, and make adjustments to your training program as essential to optimize your results whereas utilizing Trenbolone Acetate.
Totally Different countries have different regulations on the use of Trenbolone.

Yes, with such powerful positive results can come
some equally potent unwanted effects, but I_ll get to those
later. Many individuals aren_t conscious that there are three completely
different esters of Trenbolone. Most bodybuilders use Trenbolone Acetate
and assume that_s the only one. But there are
two others, and people with more steroid experience will often give them a go if you may get your hands on it.
It_s important to focus on the differences because each
ester can give you a different expertise of Trenbolone.

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Trenbolone Acetate and Trenbolone Enanthate are two commonly used variants of Trenbolone.
Whereas both offer comparable advantages in terms of muscle growth and efficiency enhancement, they differ in their pharmacokinetics and
administration protocols. Understanding the variations between Trenbolone Acetate and Trenbolone Enanthate might help
people make informed decisions when choosing the most appropriate variant for his or her needs.
Prioritizing your well being and well-being ought to always be a prime precedence throughout your
health journey.
Consequently, powerlifters and fighters underneath our care have commonly cycled Anavar, enabling them to become stronger with
out having to go up a weight class. Nevertheless,
we've additionally noticed feminine sufferers prevent such physiological modifications by using very conservative dosages (5 mg/day).

In our experience, large dosages (2,800 mg per
week) of testosterone undecanoate are required for notable gains in mass and
dimension as a result of its low bioavailability.
The primary purpose Tbol is delicate in its side effects (similar to Primobolan and Anavar)
is the disparity between its androgenic and anabolic results and the dearth of aromatization into
estrogen. That doesn_t imply Turinabol isn't with out its side effect dangers, though.
Below, I_ll define the primary classes of unwanted effects and the way they relate to Tbol.
Deca can depart lasting metabolites in your system, resulting in ongoing testosterone suppression that regular
PCT may not restore. PCT can still be tried using
a excessive dose of Clomid at 100mg for two weeks, then 50mg
for two weeks. Hardly Ever will males use Tbol as the principle or only anabolic compound except
it's to enhance a TRT cycle.
With its advantages past muscle building or fat loss, all women and
men can benefit from HGH. Its results on healing and restoration are sometimes the sole purpose folks want to use HGH.
Most users, especially males, shall be stacking
HGH with anabolic steroids that come with a much greater well
being and safety risk. HGH is, in spite of everything, a naturally occurring hormone, and by offering your
body with an external source (and usually the next amount), you may surprise if this impacts your natural growth hormone operate.
Trenbolone is probably the most superior anabolic
steroid one can use, so it should also be included in any superior cycle with
HGH. As I typically wish to repeat, HGH works superbly
in synergy with just about any anabolic steroid. And for many of
us, that_s what we_ll be constructing a cycle around because HGH will take
what your steroids do to another degree.
The oral type of Primobolan is Metenolone Acetate in chemical type, with the
acetate being a small ester attached to the Metenolone hormone so
it might be consumed in oral type. Unlike many different oral female bodybuilding steroids side effects, www.primaryonehealth.org,, Primobolan doesn_t
include a high threat of liver toxicity; in fact, there are nearly no recognized causes
of liver stress or damage caused by this steroid.
One vial of the product incorporates 100mg of trenbolone acetate in an injectable answer.
In addition to its muscle-building and fat-burning
properties, TBULK also promotes immune system well being, ensuring you keep in top form whereas working in path of your health goals.
As a authorized, safe, and needle-free choice with
no prescriptions required, TBULK offers peace of
mind alongside distinctive results. Moreover, Tren-Max
promotes physical conditioning, will increase vascularity for a extra defined look, and offers a secure, needle-free, and prescription-free option for those in search of a potent supplement.

Fat loss can also be extra easily achievable at this dose, with well-controlled unwanted effects for most women.
Even in comparability with excessive doses of testosterone, the sexual drive will increase 2-3 times.
Sadly, unlike e.g. testosterone, which will increase "aggression" throughout workouts, trenbolone often increases it additionally exterior the gym.
Clearly, I don_t imply getting livid for any cause, however, whem using tren, I_m undoubtedly far more typically aggravated by issues I wouldn_t usually
take observe of. Visibility of veins _ Similarly as with Masteron or EQ, the visibility of veins increases.
This is expounded to, among different things, lack of fats
tissue, lower in the quantity of water retained in subcutaneous tissues, improve in blood density and in some instances increase in blood stress.
PCT may be began about 3-4 days after the end of the cycle (provided that the testosterone is equally short).

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